There is a vast amount of information in the Student's Corner board (that's where this thread would be in a better place, too). Look for the postings of the legendary "bernhard". You'll find a lot of useful information on how to get started in there.
There is no need to focus on any chord progressions that early. Just get some technical capabilities first. Classical music - in that broader meaning - is more versatile than Jazz, but I love Jazz for its harmonic colourfulness, and you will find many of these things in classic as well. 4 - 5 - 1 instead of 2 - 5 - 1 progressions may be preferred in the classical style in the special meaning, i.e. between 1750 and 1820 or so, but especially J.S.Bach's pieces go through the circle of fifths "by default". The 2nd step often doesn't appear as minor or diminished chord, but as a dominant to the 5th step. Especially in a minor key the 2nd step as major chord where the bass line stays on the root of the tonic (like Cm - D7/C) creates something that probably most people would identify as the "Bach sound", even though there is a lot more than that.
You may like Scriabin as well. In his pieces you will find altered dominants, that sound very jazzy at times, but again, there is more. Some of his preludes and mazurkas are quite easy to play and surely suitable for the advanced beginner.