Well, first of all, all chinese words are made of certain sounds. Unlike English, where "a' could sound like "eh", like ape, or "ah" like apple, an "a" sound in Chinese is always the same.
It's sort of like "ahhh".
There are 6 vowels in Chinese, a, o, e, i, u, ü (man, took me a long time to find that)
And consonants: b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, h, j, q, x, zh, ch, sh, z, c, s, w, r, y (I can't remember the order exactly, there's a song for this sort of like the ABC song, but it's not like the order matters)
So basically, you notice that there is no "v". The "v" on the keyboard corresponds to "ü" (at least for English keyboards)
There are also compound vowels
ai, ei, ui
ia, ie, iu
an, en, in, un
uan
ang, eng, ing, ong
ao, uo
ou
Most words in chinese starts with one consonant (MUST have a consonant, and ONLY ONE)
And end in ONE AND ONLY ONE of the above vowels or compound vowels.
So you can have ba, be, bu, bi, bo, pa, po, pe, pi, pu...
(the ü vowel is not often used, only for j, q, x, where there is no "u" vowel", andl, n, and there might be more but I can't think of any right now)
There are four tones to each combination of sound, so there's four "ba"s.
I heard (since I never went to chinese school) that Chinese schools here first teach you to say
"ma ma ma ma" (mother swears at the horse)
So as you can see, ever single word in Chinese is one syllabe, and there are only a certain number of combinations (ad a lot of themare not used), so there are very few unique words in Chinese.
EDIT:
There is ONE exception:
er.
That one starts with a vowel and ends in a consonant, but it is the only one, and it only has one pronouniation, not four. And it's a very special one that should not be taught until you're fairly good at Chinese. Heck, most southern Chinese don't know how to use it.
EDIT: ignore the last paragraph, I wasn't thinking clearly.l