A friend of mine who is a well-known piano teacher send me this mail:
Rachmaninov himself said that he always counted beats, even during a concert.
Do never take opinions given by greater Masters as something that really means that that the words LITERALLY indicate.
"YOU SHOULD NEVER COUNT, YOU SHOULD FEEL THE BEATS."
That's right - when playing and mostly - in practicing, too.
"YOU SHOULD ALWAYS COUNT BECAUSE IT'S THE ONLY WAY TO LOCATE YOUR STRONG BEATS".
I fully agree, if this bit of information would concern mentally handicapped persons.
"I am counting only for modern pieces. Examples: Messiaen's "Colors of the Celestial City" gor piano and wind symphony, Daugherty "Piano Plus". Also, counting is good for member of ensembles, especially orchestras and wind symphonies."
Counting could even be truly necessary within very preparatory phases of work, but only in case WE DON'T UNDERSTAND HOW the rhythm has factually been constructed. When the problem is clear – I do not understand, what for we should count and count again?
I'm trying to find a universal principle that could apply to rhythm. I noticed that most
musicians are not consciously aware of the mental process.
The universal principle is to UNDERSTAND mentally this, which we are unable to properly recognize in a while just using our musical instinct and learned skills – mental understanding is like a prosthesis to them, who for any reason does not possess any hand or leg... Besides, musicians were created for DOING MUSIC, not for ANALYZING IT MENTALLY. OK. Teachers, critics, some less talented composers maybe, etc, etc.
Finally, if I summarize the situation related to MEMORY: I'd like to ask you if counting to yourself while playing can help your memory because it organizes the beats with a rhythmic drive and order.
Counting will last your memory and disturb the entire process of memorizing because you will be forced to memorize not only the musical text, but horribly many additional bits of information related to 1, 2, 3, 4 added to hundreds of bars of memorized music. As I mentioned for a while: we must count if we DO NOT UNDERSTAND what is going about in the rhythmically more difficult, complicated phases of studied music. That's all. Why you don't like to count when you are dancing? You just hear to the played music and go after it. Listening to the sound produced by yourself you should be able to control it without counting, too.
The very last bit of advice is still: if counting for any mysterious reason helps you – let you count!!!