An idea I picked up from CPE Bach's essay is to be able to play a few different plausible fingerings for any given scale. This would be useful for versatility, like if sightreading or improvising the hand happens to be in a certain position, it would be good to have a few fingering possibilities at disposal.
But if one is milling over a piece, there's all the time in the world to figure out a careful fingering. For a lot of music, this is unavoidable.
CPE Bach also has some different ideas of fingering a scale than we usually use. One I've found useful is 1,2,1,2,1,2 across white keys (or 2 on a single black) - it's useful in the context of part writing where the hand is playing multiple lines. (This is JSB's son we're talking about here

)
But another fingering option he gives, on the other end of the hand is 3,4,3,4,3,4... Which I've always found uncomfortable, though I find 4,5,4,5 alright. I figure his hand must have been built differently than mine.