When listening to a piece

[allthumbspiano]

This question I guess would be for the more advanced players or theory people.
When listening to a piece are you able to hear things going on like a circle of fifths progression, modulation to a certain scale degree (knowing which degree), a picardy third, and know what is going on without the sheet music or just hearing a piece for the first time?  I'm not curious about knowing the exact note/chord names by ear but can you tell that the performer is playing certain chords from the scale or out of the scale and recognize maybe when it returns, stuff like that.  I'm just asking because I feel I can play a number of pieces but I don't really know what is actually going on, I'm hitting chords in the left hand, melodies in the right but don't know what progressions I am doing or why.

[brogers70]

You might find that working through a music theory book would be interesting. I'm an amateur with a decent background in theory. I can certainly here the sort of things you are mentioning, modulations, chromatics, can recognize chord progressions (I -IV-V-I), deceptive cadences, can hear whether the second theme in a sonata form exposition is happening in the subdominant or the dominant or the relative minor. And anybody can learn to hear a Picardy third at the end of a Baroque piece in about 30 seconds. If those are the kinds of things you are interested in, then it's certainly doable, with a modest amount of effort. Singing in a choir will help, but just studying theory (assuming you play the examples they give you in the book) will help, too. This is all simple stuff and far below the level of those folks who can hear a piece and visualize the score immediately. That takes a whole of of training and practice and is way beyond me.