Support your neighbors. Buy incandescent bulbs made in Pennsylvania. If you can't find those, buy regular florescent bulbs made in countries with a little bit of freedom. I have an 8" diameter 22 watt "circline" florescent bulb illuminating my kitchen, made in Thailand. I had to buy the fixture at Salvation Army, you can't find the fixtures anymore. That bulb is three years old and operates 24/7.
I heard that if they flash at night it is a fault in your housing circuit. Even though you have the power switched off there is a small amount of current still charging the bulb causing it to flash and then recharge and continue the process. I have this happening in my house now and the wiring here isn't the best.
i'm not sure mercury vapour has a smell. and yes it is a cfl, which stands for compact fluorescent light.
I've heard the hum but only with certain brands. Just swap them out for a different brand.
I haven't noticed any difference in how long they last.
I've just replaced all the corkscrew ones with old-fashioned bulbs. We'll see what happens. Might be just as bad, they're all made by the same companies.