When the sustain pedal is up all the energy goes into one note. When the pedal is down some of the energy goes into sympathetic resonances from other notes. That's why "the sound does not sustain as bright and loud, and it ends a tad earlier than when I hold the note down". Play the note with a bit more energy when the pedal is down for a similar sound.
My old grand doesn't seem to make any difference regarding loudness, just the resonance changes.