Here's a short list. I'm mostly ignoring short pieces so I can get this list done quickly, even though some of them are great, like Scriabin's "Garlands" poem and the Op. 74 preludes.
Scriabin, sonatas: 5, 7, 10 (the others are also excellent), vers la flamme
Rachmaninov, sonatas: 1, 2 (original)
Prokofiev, sonatas: 6, 7 (I haven't listened to 5 much. 9 is pretty good.) Toccata.
Myaskovsky, sonatas: 2, 3
Roslavets: sonata 5, three etudes
Berg: piano sonata
Rautavaara: "thirds" etude
Ornstein: a morning in the woods, suicide on an airplane, sonata 7
I'm sure I'm forgetting something/someone, but I'm pressed for time.