I didn't really read most of the posts here - though I'm sure they're very good!! - so I apologize if I am interrupting a conversation or thread.
I believe you absolutely cannot teach inspiration. Also, it can be very hard to communicate it, to those that don't have it. For instance I am amazed at certain changes of harmony, or certain subtle voices, every time I hear for instance the Schubert small a-minor sonata. I tried to communicate that to someone - just by words, not playing - and they said, "Yeah, and?" Inspiration is a thing in itself.
That said, everybody is inspired and excited by some particular thing. We all know what it feels like, to suddenly get several ideas, or pictures, or feelings all at once, from a tangible, definable trigger. A teacher can show a student how to channel their inspiration into music. Some people who are absolutely unmoved by Chopin pieces, can fall in love with obscure Bach fugues. I have seen this happen!
I think that is why teaching music works best in metaphors, and worst in specific, anatomical knowledge. If you find what triggers a person's inspiration, it is always the metaphor that will lead them to true music-making.
I had a young student who seemed to have stopped advancing for a little while. He had had a birthday, and got caught up in the excitement and the new things. Suddenly piano seemed old, perhaps, or like one of the boring things that were pre-birthday. Finally I asked him, how old are you now? And he said his birthday made him 8. I told him he was playing piano like a 7 year old, and it was time to play piano like an 8 year old. From then on, he has improved every lesson. I didn't teach him how to be inspired by the piano, I just channeled the thing that genuinely interested him, into music, and he responded.
Walter Ramsey