Spontaneously I think of three cases of "child prodigy" that come to my mind.
1. Mozart
2. Menuhin
3. Arrau
Mozart suffered in his later life from this reputation and from the fact that people did want to listen to a cute child prodigy but not to a phenomenal adult musician. I read that when he performed his "coronation" concerto at the age of 34 it was everything else than successful:
"The concerto's nickname, "Coronation," is of still later origin. In the fall of 1790, Mozart visited Frankfurt-am-Main to attend the coronation festivities for Leopold II, with whom he hoped to obtain a lucrative royal appointment, the sort of post that had eluded him in Vienna. To his wife Constanze, he optimistically wrote, "I am firmly resolved to make all the money I can here and then return to you rejoicing. What a fine life we shall live then!" Yet he would be sorely disappointed. His concert, featuring this concerto, as well as the Concerto no. 19 and one of his symphonies, was poorly attended, and the desired imperial post did not materialize. Mozart had no other option but to return to Vienna almost empty-handed. He would live for only another fourteen months."
(quoted from
https://w3.rz-berlin.mpg.de/cmp/mozart_piano_con26.html )
Menuhin had a severe crisis in his later teens after a world tour 1934. He retreated and just studied and found to himself for two years. And later in his life he became a very individual and very spiritual musician who did not go the "programmed" path at all, he was very much discovering new ways, yoga, worked together with indian musicians, founded his own academy, was in some ways pretty controversial even, though very successful.
Arrau said that he got into a severe crisis after his teacher Martin Krause died in 1918. He said that he developed the "wish to fail" in his subconscious and looked for help at a psychologist, being successfully cured after all. He never had another teacher after the age of 15!!!!