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This from an essay on the Liszt-Thalberg competition:
"Virtuoso contests and rivalries are sprinkled throughout the music-historical lore. Handel and Scarlatti had a youthful confrontation in Rome, J.S. Bach and Louis marchand were said to have sparred in Dresden, Clementi and Mozart alternated rounds at the Vienna court, Beethoven dueled with Joseph Wölffl, and Paganini and Lafont traded solos before the public of Milan in 1816. The narratives through which these contests are related all thematize rival musical idioms and performing traditions of their times. Handel represented the church style against Scarlatti's court style. The Bach-Marchand contest... was a narrative about the ongoing battle between galant and contrapuntal styles. Clementi and Mozart staked out claims for the two major keyboard schools of the time, the English and the Viennese, while Lafont and Paganini juxtaposed the two dominant schools of violin playing, the French and the Italian.
The sensational meeting of Liszt and Sigismond Thalberg at a Parisian soirée in 1836 is by far the best known and most fully documented of all such contests."
Interestingly, when we think of music history, we think of half of the figures in the above list as the best players, to the exclusion of everybody else. But at the time, the public had a lot to choose from. Liszt was not favored over Thalberg as a pianist; although Thalberg comes down to us in history as a minimal figure, it wasn't a given that Liszt possessed a superior technique.
Mozart too comes down to us as a virtuoso, but it was Clementi who was given favor in that competition, after which Mozart called him "a mere
mechanicus" and a "
ciarlatano."
We cannot conceive of a better organist than what our imaginations tell us Bach must have been, and yet there were people who believed that the competition that would have taken place between him and Marchand was not already decided in Bach's favor.
Another interesting point to note, is that these were never just judges of keyboard mechanism. At stake too was the musical creativity of the contestants. They played their own compositions, and they extemporized. Part of virtuosity is creativity, and the ability to create coherent, interesting music on the spin of a dime. So even though many of these people have come to us in history as great virtuosos, part of that was their ability to create music, not just play the keyboard.
Walter Ramsey