I have found lots of history of Comenius that says where he was born, where he traveled, when he died, that he founded an educational system, and not much more. Also that he was known "behind the iron curtain" but not much in front of it.
Finally I stumbled on an article by Piaget who seems to have studied his works,
https://www.ibe.unesco.org/publications/ThinkersPdf/comeniuse.PDF Piaget, or course, is one of the pedagogical theorists that is studied in the West.
Not knowing the specific principles of Comenius does not equate not having theories of education and abiding by them.
What I have gathered from the overview via the bias of Piaget, is that Comenius was reacting to the educational system of his time several centuries ago and sought to reform it. He seemed to have broad universal principles. If I interpret correctly from the little bit of information, he believes that everyone should receive a good education, not only some, and he extends that to women who at that time were considered incapable of learning. The old ideal of finding the universal and cosmic in nature and knowledge seems alive in his thoughts - was that also a product of his time as well as Greek thinking?
He seems to believe in working in harmony with the natural development or developmental stages of a person and extends that into adulthood or lifelong learning. Experience precedes theory and gives the backbone to theory which comes afterward, thus having substance and meaning. Action and the practical have a role.
Autodidactism in the sense that the student has the curiosity, self-impelled (inspired?) exploration and curiosity and this is the seat of learning - which again would come from action, exploration, activity, followed by theory after the fact rather than before.
This is what I glean from Piaget's article. Any corrections?
If so, I would say in my teaching activities as teacher and as parent playing a teaching role at one time, a number of these principles would have applied. That is as much from common sense as Comenius, whose works I did not know. In the public system, however, appealing to innate curiosity when it has already been killed off by reward and punishment to a large degree, did not work that well. Not all schools function that way.
And I am not a music teacher - though a music learner - and self-impelled motivated exploration is definitely part of that.