Hi and welcome to Pianostreet.
I would recommend going with a portable recorder in your situation. There are many to choose from. A good place to start would be:
Zoom H4n
Tascam DR-40X
Roland R-09
Portable recorders, such as the ones above are designed for music recording and have very capable mics and preamps. You probably won't find a phone in that price range that specifically does music recording well. These portable recorders will far outlast a smart phone in terms of usage, so you will be spreading the cost of it over many years.
As they are purpose built, these portable recorders are easy to operate. Buttons for record, play and stop. No need to open an app, no installing updates when you want to record. After initial setup, it is generally as easy as insert SD card, turn it on, press record.
No matter what recorder you get, gain levels need to be set correctly and the microphone needs to be placed in an appropriate location to capture the best sound. If these things are not done, there is the potential for bad sounding recordings.