m1469, it occurs to me you might like the essays of Lloyd Geering, the new Zealand theologian, now professor of religious studies at Victoria University. He has written excellent books outlining his own consistent reconciliation of all these matters. "In the World Today", "Tomorrow's God", "Christianity Without God" and many more are well worth reading - he's a very clever man. They won't appeal to the reader who isn't broadminded though.
Ted. I just wanted to thank you for this post...Lloyd Geering sounds like a very interesting fellow, and I will look into his writings soon.
m1469. I'm not sure I understand your quest, but a quest is always a good thing! The most amazing things happen along the way.
What exactly are you looking for "proof" of? You speak of evil and resurrection and how the deciples could emulate Jesus, so I see many swirling thoughts, but it's difficult to know what to respond to.
Scientists do not accept experience by itself as proof. Typically they observe phenomena over and over and try to find patterns that explain the phenomena, then see if those patterns (hypotheses) are replicable and predictive. Detached observation is the core of science.
Spiritual life is experential and by its nature unobservable. Oh, one can see that a person is sitting cross-legged and meditating, and one can then observe that person's state after meditation. This could go on for years with many observations of many meditators. Tests could be given to measure biometrics, say. Heart rate is lower, breathing regular, subject reports sense of calm and peace, etc. I'm sure meditation has been investigated scientifically from every conceivable angle, and yet none of it tells what is essential, which is the experience of it and how it can completely alter one's attitudes toward everything. I would guess all forms of religious experience can produce these changes, each in it's own way.
Soto zen master Suzuki made it clear that opening oneself to direct contact with the world unmediated by the critical mind requires rigorous, disciplined application of zazen and yet, some get it with little or no meditating. The point being it's experential, hopefully aided by sitting in zazen, but zazen isn't required. Becoming one with the world in the present moment is enlightenment, which makes all clear as it raises one's awareness to a level where issues like good and evil are on a lower plane, or at least subsumed by the awareness that comes of how it all is everything and nothing.
But this is zen. Other approaches have other ways, but most make experience central to understanding and accepting. Christians pray to understand God and accept his will, but many believe it is not until you have the experience of the Holy Spirit inside you that you "get it" (like the apostles did) and can then pass it on.
Judaism is a religion of tradition, and in enacting these traditions, jews feel connected back to the beginning of time. Jewish scholars argue endlessly but joyfully about what God intended in a word or phrase in Hebrew. The annotated Torah contains a small square of the original text surrounded with centuries of commentary of every kind, showing a people who appear comfortable embracing their not-knowingness even as they strive to know.
Most spiritual endeavor I've encountered has concerned coming to terms with the not-knowingness of the universe -- that we strive to know and so make strides with the intellect but are still bedeviled by our moral and immoral natures. That there are no answers is a good thing. We are mere humans, not gods or God. The answers to much is beyond our ken, but it is not beyond experential possibility to know in your soul or gut or wherever you locate your spiritual self that you can connect, albeit briefly for most of us, with the Great Soul or the Collective Unconscious or whatever you want to call it. And when it happens, it's like putting one's little finger through to this other level and saying "aaah! yes!" Sometimes it happens when you work for it through disciplined meditation, prayer, devotion to ritual, etc. and sometimes it just happens.
Not sure I'm making a lot of sense, but hope it's in the general direction you're investigating.