Question #1: Is this kind of focus on didactic material typical?
I started with a new teacher in April and we work on 3 things: 1) a technique book by Hutcheson, 2) repertoire that is polished to performance level, 3) Czerny Op 139. He explained that there's 3 Czerny books we'll go through and this is the first.
Question #2: How do I broach the topic with the teacher that I'm getting very discouraged without sounding like I'm just whining?
I always ask my teacher for repertoire suggestions, and find piece that I would enjoy performing. I like Bach, so we started with Anna Magdalena Notebook, then started two hand invention at year 2. It is very challenging, however, I thoroughly enjoy the journey. Of course I interlace my learning with other small pieces. In the meantime, I am also learning Hanon techniques, 5 finger scales, arpeggio, articulations, dynamics etc. It is also good to have a goal to complete 2-3 performance pieces every year for recitals or to show off to friends and families. I think you are correct with the math, we will never exhaust all these repertoires in our lifetime, so it is important to choose pieces we enjoy the most, even at the entry levels. Interest is your best teacher. Ultimately it is your lesson, you need to choose a path. If you want to see online resources, send me a message, I can forward the channel of my piano teacher.